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Most of us take out pet insurance to safeguard our furry friends' wellbeing in case something bad happens to them. But like with other types of insurance, pet insurance can be tricky to understand. The last thing you need is to discover you don’t have enough coverage after your pet gets injured or becomes ill. That is why we have put together this guide on the pet insurance need-to-knows, so you can feel confident when choosing a policy for your animal companion.
Most of us take out pet insurance to protect our pets in case of illness or injury. But with so many options, finding the right cover can feel overwhelming. The last thing you want is to realise you do not have enough, or the right cover, when you need it most. Our guide covers the top ten things you need to know about pet insurance, so choosing the best policy for you and your pet is easier. Choosing the right insurance type depends on your dog's health needs and budget.
1. Know the Different Types of Pet Insurance There are several types of pet insurance to suit different needs and budgets:
Accident-only: Provides cover for injuries from accidents only. This is often a cheaper option as it does not cover illnesses. Always review your policy to confirm exactly what is covered. Find out more about accident-only pet insurance
Time-limited: Covers specific conditions or injuries for a set period, typically up to 12 months. After this period, or once the payout limit is reached, cover for that condition ends. Find out more about time-limited pet insurance
Maximum benefit: Offers a set amount per condition, without a time cap, until you reach the policy's claim limit. This is a good option for those seeking moderate cover at a more affordable cost than lifetime insurance. Find out more about maximum benefit pet insurance
Lifetime: Covers your pet for life, including new and ongoing conditions, with policy limits resetting each year. Lifetime insurance is the most comprehensive option, covering illnesses and accidents year after year. Find out more about lifetime pet insurance
2. Understand Common Exclusions in Pet Insurance Policies
Exclusions will vary by provider and policy, so carefully reading the terms and conditions is crucial. Common exclusions include:
Pre-existing conditions: Illnesses or injuries that begin before the policy start date. Any conditions that your pet develops after your policy starts, and any waiting period ends, should then be covered (provided that the policy you have chosen covers the particular condition)
Waiting periods: Most policies have a waiting period of 14-30 days, before cover begins. Until then, your pet won't be covered, and while you can get no waiting period pet insurance, these types of policies are not very common
Routine treatments: Excludes vaccinations, neutering, grooming, worming, claw-clipping, and dental care
Pregnancy and birth: Care for pregnancy and offspring is not typically covered
Admin fees: Excludes prescription and claims processing fees Financial caps: Insurers often set treatment cost limits, so confirm that your dog's needs are covered. You will need to pay any costs that exceed the financial cap
3. Factors That Impact Pet Insurance Costs Your pet insurance premium depends on various factors:
Policy type: Puppy accident-only cover for a dog in good health tends to be cheaper than lifetime cover for an older dog
Breed and species: Dog insurance is often more expensive than cat insurance, with some of the country's most popular dogs incurring even higher costs
Age: Insuring an older pet is considered higher risk, so premiums increase with age
Pre-existing conditions: These can push the cost of pet insurance up massively, as your pet is more likely to need regular veterinary treatment. Standard insurers might not cover your dog's pre-existing condition, which means you might only get cover from more expensive specialist providers
Location: Residents in areas with high living costs, like London, might face higher premiums
Excess and co-payment terms: These can reduce the cost of your pet insurance. However, this is only worth it if you can pay large amounts up front
Claims history: A history of frequent claims can result in higher premiums
4. Understand the Pet Insurance Claims Processes Most claims work on a reimbursement basis, where you pay the vet up front and then submit a claim to get reimbursed. Some insurers also offer pet insurance that pays your vet directly, which could save you from paying for treatment initially. Check with your vet and insurer to see if this is available.
5. Be Prepared to Pay an Excess and Co-payments
All pet insurance policies require an excess to be paid -a one-time fee when your pet receives care and you claim on your insurance. Choosing a higher voluntary excess can help reduce your monthly premium. Some policies also include co-payments, where you agree to pay typically 10-20% of the vet bill. This type of policy is more common for senior pets.
6. Do not Choose Pet Insurance Based on Price Alone While cheaper policies might be tempting, they often come with limited cover. Make sure that your chosen policy meets all your dog's health needs so they are not left unprotected when it matters most.
7. Follow the Insurer's Claims Process Carefully Each insurer has a specific claims process and following it is essential for a smooth experience. For example, some insurers require a complete medical history from your vet to support your claim. Make sure you provide all necessary documentation to avoid delays or claim rejections.
8. Pet Insurance Is not Required but Provides Peace of Mind Pet insurance is not legally required in the UK but offers invaluable financial security. Veterinary care costs can be high, and insurance means you can afford the necessary treatment without unexpected expenses. Consider how you could cover emergency vet appointments, pet medication and surgery costs out of your own pocket. The only exception is if you own a dog that is one of the named breeds in the 1991 Dangerous Dogs Act - then you will need third party liability insurance for your pooch.
9. Know Your Cancellation Rights You can cancel pet insurance anytime, but be aware of potential charges. Cancelling pet insurance within the 14-day cooling-off period typically avoids fees. After this period, a cancellation fee might apply, so it could be a good idea to let your policy naturally expire to avoid additional costs. Do the maths to see what the right option is financially.
10. Consider Alternatives to Pet Insurance If premiums are a concern, self-insurance - setting aside savings for your dog's care - is an alternative, though it has risks. High veterinary bills could arise before you have saved enough. The right third party liability insurance could offer public liability cover if your dog causes damage to public property or injures someone. Charities like the RSPCA, PDSA, Cats Protection, Dogs Trust, and Blue Cross offer financial support for animals from low income households, which can be helpful if insurance is not an option.
Selecting the right insurance depends on your dog's age, breed, medical history, and lifestyle. Here is a closer look at which types of policies might be best suited to different pet profiles:
Young pets: For younger pets, especially those without known health issues, accident-only or time-limited policies can provide basic protection at a lower cost. These plans typically cover accidental injuries, and time-limited policies will also cover illnesses for a set period, which can be helpful for unexpected incidents during a dog's early life. Since young pets are generally at lower risk of ongoing health issues, these plans might offer enough cover without high premiums
Senior pets: Older pets often face more health challenges, such as arthritis, diabetes, or dental issues, so lifetime or maximum benefit policies are often ideal. Lifetime insurance renews cover limits each year, allowing ongoing support for chronic conditions, while maximum benefit policies offer a fixed per condition limit without a time restriction. While these options have higher premiums, they provide consistent support for health issues that can be common as pets age
Purebred pets: Purebred dogs and cats are more prone to genetic health issues due to selective breeding practices, and some breeds (like French bulldogs) have known medical risks. Lifetime insurance might be the right option for these pets, as it allows you to manage long-term healthcare costs for conditions linked to their breed. If a lifetime policy is too costly, a maximum benefit policy could still provide valuable support by covering specific conditions up to a set amount, allowing some financial protection for breed-related health concerns
High-energy or adventurous pets: Pets that frequently play outdoors, engage in high-energy activities, or live in areas with more risks (like rural locations with wildlife or urban environments) might benefit from accident-only or time-limited insurance. Accident-only cover can be cost-effective for pets more likely to sustain injuries, while time-limited plans offer illness and injury cover for short-term incidents and conditions
Each pet has unique needs, so consider what types of health issues are likely to arise, given their age, breed, and lifestyle. Always compare options carefully and read the policy details to give you a full picture of what your pet is covered for.
Asking these questions can help you figure out what to look for in pet insurance and ensure you find the right fit for you and your pet.
1. What are the deductible and premium options? A pet insurance deductible is the dollar amount you have to pay out of pocket as the policyholder before your insurance provider starts reimbursing you for covered expenses — they can be annual or per-incident amounts. The monthly premium is the dollar amount you pay each month to keep your policy active. These amounts vary depending on the coverage your plan provides and which provider you choose. You can usually select an amount you are more comfortable with based on the options provided. With MetLife Pet, you can customize your deductible, reimbursement rate, and your annual limit, all of which affect your premium — so you can choose which options are right for your needs.
2. Are congenital, breed-specific, and chronic issues covered? Congenital illnesses are diseases your pet is born with, but they may not exhibit symptoms until later in life.4 Some insurance providers consider congenital illnesses pre-existing conditions, so be sure to clarify if the plan covers congenital disease or not. Additionally, many breeds experience illnesses that are widely unique to the breed's characteristics (e.g., pugs and other brachycephalic breeds with flat faces can experience many breathing problems). Research the health conditions common in your pet's breed, and seek a plan or rider - an amendment that adds benefits to your standard policy, that covers them. Congenital conditions and chronic issues might be covered by MetLife Pet, but we do not typically cover pre-existing conditions. We may, however, be able to cover certain pre-existing conditions that are already covered by another insurance provider when you switch to a MetLife Pet policy through your employer.
3. Does the plan cover exam fees? Your vet's exam fee is the base amount that is charged for seeing and examining your pet. These fees can be high at specialty clinics, emergency animal hospitals, or surgeons. You may find that plans only cover diagnostics and treatment without covering exam fees, so it is important to get this question answered when searching for a policy that is right for you. MetLife Pet does cover exam fees in our standard insurance policy.
4. Does the plan cover bilateral conditions? Bilateral conditions are medical issues that can affect both sides of your pet's body. Usually, if your pet experiences issues in one hip, eye, or elbow, they are likely to experience the same condition in the corresponding body part as well. Issues like ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) and CCL (cruciate ligament) injuries are common bilateral conditions, especially in older pets and large dogs. These issues — along with hip dysplasia, cataracts, and other bilateral conditions — might be considered pre-existing conditions in some plans and excluded from coverage. Still, others may offer bilateral coverage or a plan rider to cover these issues. MetLife Pet may be able to cover bilateral conditions if they are diagnosed after your waiting period ends.
5. Is preventive care covered? They say an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure, and preventive care lets you be proactive about your pet's health. Some examples of preventive care include vaccinations, parasite prevention, and spaying or neutering. Many providers exclude preventive or routine care from their insurance plans and instead offer an optional plan for it that you can add to your policy. Not all pet insurance providers have this option, but MetLife Pet offers a Preventive Care plan add-on that can cover the items listed above, as well as dental cleaning and heartworm protection.
6. Does it cover holistic care or alternative therapies? Alternative forms of medicine are available for our pets just as they are for us. Treatments like acupuncture and hydrotherapy are used to treat conditions when traditional medicine may not provide favorable results, as a supplemental treatment, or if there are no other treatments for your pet's condition. MetLife Pet Insurance can reimburse you for certain holistic therapies depending on your specific policy.
7. Is there a per-incident or lifetime limit? A per-incident limit is the highest amount an insurer will reimburse for a specific condition or issue. Lifetime limits are the maximum benefit a pet is eligible to receive in their lifetime. Policies can also include annual limits to be aware of. MetLife Pet has no per-incident limits, no lifetime limits, and you can customize your annual limit.
8. Does this plan cover all breeds? Insurers may not cover higher-risk dog breeds, such as pit bulls or German shepherds. Be sure to identify any restrictions on your pet’s breed before purchasing a plan. MetLife Pet has no breed restrictions, so you can protect your pet without worry.
9. Will it cover emergencies? If your pet has an accident, injury, or gets sick, you could face some hefty emergency vet bills — particularly if surgery is required. Knowing what a plan covers in the event of an emergency is vital. Say your dog was running at the park and suffered a cruciate ligament rupture that required TPLO surgery. This procedure can cost several thousand dollars, and not everybody has that type of money on hand. Knowing you have a pet insurance policy, like MetLife Pet, that can reimburse you for those types of emergencies can allow you to focus more on your pet's recovery than the veterinary bills.
10. What is the waiting period? Insurance policies typically have a waiting period after enrollment before coverage begins. Waiting periods vary from provider to provider, so it is important to factor that in when looking for the right pet insurance policy. For example, MetLife Pet offers different waiting periods, including a 0-day waiting period for accidents and optional preventive care, and a 14-day waiting period for illnesses.5 That could be an attractive option since your plan's accident coverage starts at midnight after you enroll. So if your pet sustained an injury the day after you took out a policy, they had likely be covered.
11. What exclusions are not covered in the policy? Knowing what pet insurance covers is important, but so is knowing what is not. In addition to pre-existing conditions, expenses related to things like elective surgeries or procedures, grooming, breeding, and obedience training typically are not covered in standard pet insurance plans. Other exclusions can include preventive or routine care, unless the insurance company offers a specific plan or add-on for it, like MetLife Pet.
Why To Insure Pets?
A heart-wrenching dilemma arises when treatment is possible, but the owner can not afford the expense. According to the most recent American Pet Products Association (ABBA) National Pet Owners Survey, the U.S. spent an estimated $123 billion on veterinary care. According to the 2023-2024 APPA National Pet Owners Survey, 66% of U.S. households own a pet, which equates to 86.9 million in homes. That is 46.5 million cat households, and 65.1 million dog households. A survey showed 5,676,776 pets were insured by the end of 2023, according to NAPHIA, the North American Pet Health Insurance Association.
How Much is Pet Insurance? Pet insurance prices depend on a complex computation of factors. However, for most people's needs, £25 to £40 per month for a dog, or $20 to £35 for a cat will allow you to buy comprehensive cover for your pet.
Does my Indoor Pet Need Pet Insurance? You might think the indoor cat who snoozes on your bed for 18 hours a day does not really need pet insurance. And sure, an indoor kitty has a much lower risk of injury compared to an active working dog or an outdoor cat. But that does not mean they won't ever get sick or need emergency vet care. So yes, investing in pet insurance is a good idea, even for indoor pets.
How Does Pet Insurance Work?
Pet insurance typically reimburses the owner for a predetermined amount allotted for the specific veterinary service, after it is been performed. For example, you would pay your veterinarian in full. Then submit the receipts to the insurance company in order to receive payment back according to the amount designated by your pet's particular coverage schedule.
The amount covered varies from company to company, from plan to plan, and from city to city. Like human insurance, pre-existing conditions may be disallowed. So you must buy the insurance before the pet develops the problem. Age also influences the cost. The premiums for some breeds with a large number of potential health challenges tend to cost more than those with fewer such conditions.
Put simply, pet insurance helps cover the cost of veterinary treatment in the case of unexpected illness or injury. Some policies also cover things like advertising and a finder's reward in the event your pet goes missing or cattery or kennel fees should you have to spend time in hospital.
How Much Does Pet Insurance Cost? This is the golden question, but unfortunately, there is no one-size-fits-all answer. Your monthly premium amount will vary depending on a wide variety of factors, including: your pet's species, breed, age, and health history, the number of pets you're insuring (many providers offer multi-pet discounts), the cost of vet care in your location, the type of plan you choose, your deductible, coverage limit, and reimbursement rate (some providers let you adjust these figures), whether you sign up for wellness add-ons. Monthly premiums generally range from $10 to $100 per month. On average, you can expect to pay $28 to $47 a month for an accident and illness pet insurance policy. Most pet insurance providers let you get a quote before committing to a plan. Keep in mind that your monthly premium may increase along with vet costs in your area.
How to Choose Pet Insurance Most basic plans will cover only accident, and illness. Routine care such as vaccinations, spay/neuter surgeries, teeth cleaning, and flea treatments generally require additional coverage. So do experimental treatments, like new research into FIP diagnosis and treatment. Pet insurance typically covers pets regardless of age, excluding pre-existing conditions, but premiums go up as the animal ages. That is no different than life insurance people. You pay a whole lot more if you are fifty than if you are twenty. The best coverage depends on your individual pet, his potential breed considerations, his age, and other personal considerations. Here are a few questions to ask. Be sure to look in the "fine print" and especially at the exclusions. These may be hidden issues that keep him from being covered.
What is a Disadvantage of Pet Insurance? Pet insurance reimburses you for veterinary expenses, meaning you have to pay them upfront. Pet insurance does not cover pre-existing conditions, meaning once your pet is sick, it is too late to sign up. Not all health issues are covered by pet insurance.
How do Waiting Periods Work? Waiting periods help prevent insurance fraud from pet parents who apply for a policy knowing their pet is already sick or showing symptoms of a serious condition. Waiting periods go into effect after you sign up for your pet insurance policy. Different waiting periods usually apply for accidents and illnesses. For example, PetPremium's waiting period for illnesses is 14 days after the policy start date. Accident coverage activates immediately. Certain conditions are subject to special waiting periods. For example, a 6-month waiting period commonly applies for cruciate ligament conditions.
Early Age Enrollment Companies also define the age breaks differently. The rates may go up at certain ages, so what you pay during puppyhood from eight weeks to one year may be less than after that age. Most plans allow coverage for puppies of eight weeks or older.
Accident Limitations
It is important to purchase insurance as early as possible before health problems develop. Not every preexisting condition disqualifies the pet from coverage. If he is fully recovered from being hit by a car or shock from chewing up the electrical cord, for example, that would not preclude coverage.
Illness Limitations We all hope our puppies and kittens will live long, healthy lives and "old age" problems may cost more to treat. So plan ahead for your pet's golden years. Policies not designed specifically for senior pets often still cover "old pet" illnesses such as cancer and renal disease.
Aging Pets
Some pets become uninsurable as they get older and may not be covered if they have already had cancer. If your pet has had a condition that is potentially life-threatening and a recurring problem, then it would become uninsurable. Different companies may define what is an old dog or an old cat in different ways. Some companies offer special coverage for catastrophic illness at a very low rate, if you purchase it when the pup or kitten is young and still healthy.
Exclusions
Babies are more prone to accidents and illness than at any other age, besides senior pets. They may exclude some of these conditions in general policies—such as hip dysplasia, renal disease, cataract surgery or knee injury, particularly in breeds prone to these issues. If your puppy's breed ranks high on the incidence of a particular health challenge like bloat, check to be sure it is covered. The fee may be higher or an additional rider may be necessary.
Picking Your Vet
Certain plans participate only with listed network veterinarians - similar to some human HMOs. Others allow the choice of any practitioner. Additional differences may include variations in the cost of the deductible or higher premiums for certain metropolitan areas that have higher typical veterinary fees.
Alternative Care Chiropractic and acupuncture treatments may or may not be covered, so if this is important, be sure to check. Some policies agree to cover alternative care. They also cover experimental innovative treatments and diagnostic tests if prescribed and performed by a veterinarian. Pet insurance companies may encourage specialist referrals by offering price breaks. They believe their diagnostics and treatments are more effective and ultimately save money in the end.
Check Limits Policies may set a limit cap on claims on an annual, per condition/incident, or a lifetime basis. Deductibles also may be annual (good), per incident (not so good), or lifetime (fantastic!), so be sure you know what you are getting. Some policies place limits on hereditary or congenital conditions, yet offer no limits on accidents or illness coverage.
Pet insurance may reduce what the industry characterizes as "economic euthanasia." Ask your veterinarian for a recommendation about pet insurance. Companies may come and go, contact information may become outdated, and coverage could change. Check for the latest updates and review your policies annually. Be sure they still give your special pet all the coverage he needs. You also can set up your own pet emergency fund. Set aside funds each month specifically reserved for your dogs' health care emergencies.
Is Pet Insurance Worth It? The short answer is yes, but it is impossible to make a decision unless you understand what pet insurance covers and how expensive veterinary care can be. To help you make a decision visit the "is pet insurance worth it?" page. Pet insurance is a safety net that protects your fur-babies from the unexpected. Paying a $30 monthly premium is a lot more manageable than footing a $5,000 emergency vet bill out of pocket. And even though you will usually need to pay vet costs upfront, getting reimbursed for up to 90% of the bill is just one of the many benefits of having pet insurance.
If my Pet Was Sick Before I got Insurance, are they covered? Pets with pre-existing conditions can absolutely get pet insurance. But any conditions or symptoms that were present before you got insurance won't be covered under your plan. This restriction can be a little confusing for bilateral conditions that affect both sides of the body, like hip dysplasia. Let's say your dog was diagnosed with hip dysplasia in their right hip before you applied for pet insurance. What happens if they get the same condition in their left hip after coverage goes into effect? Usually, the same condition in the left hip won't be covered since bilateral conditions are often considered pre-existing. You may also have to work a bit harder to prove any newly diagnosed conditions are not related to or caused by pre-existing ones. Anecdotal reports from pet parents online claim that pet insurance providers often reject claims for new conditions diagnosed in pets with pre-existing conditions.
What are Some of the Most Common Challenges with Getting Pet Insurance?
Claims processing times, upfront payments, and lack of clarity on deductibles, coinsurance, and coverage limits are 3 common challenges in pet insurance. Most pet insurance providers reimburse eligible vet expenses quickly, sometimes within 24 hours. But some claims may take up to 60 days to process before being approved. Paying vet bills upfront can be difficult for pet parents who are facing financial hardship or do not have a pet savings account. Pet parents should also read the fine print to learn how deductibles and coinsurance work, and ask questions before committing to a policy.
How do I get the Best out of my Pet Insurance? These three tips will ensure you get the best experience possible: 1) Pay Upfront Treatment Costs On A Credit Card, And Pay It Off With Your Reimbursement. 2) Make Sure Your Vet Knows About Your Pet Insurance Coverage. 3) Make Sure Your Policy Makes Sense For Your Breed, Location, Age, And Any Pre-Existing Conditions.
Does Pet Insurance Cover Senior Pets? Again, this depends on the plan and provider you choose. Many pet insurance providers won't accept new policies for pets over a certain age. For some providers, the maximum age is as young as 6 years for dogs, but it averages out at 10 years for dogs and 15 years for cats. Fortunately, most providers won't end coverage after your pet turns a certain age. These restrictions usually apply to new policies, not existing ones. But the sooner you apply for coverage, the more you and your pet will benefit.
What Pet Insurance Can Cover? That depends on the plan and provider you select. The most common types of plans include:
Accident-only: As the name suggests, this plan covers only emergency vet costs associated with accidents.
Accident and illness: The most "pawpular" pet insurance plan, accident and illness policies cover certain conditions as well as emergency treatment.
Wellness add-ons: These optional supplementary packages often cover alternative treatments and routine care, like flea/tick treatment, deworming, vaccinations, and more. Most pet health insurance plans cover accidents and illnesses that did not occur or were not diagnosed during the waiting period.
Common conditions and procedures covered:
Surgery
Hospitalization Diagnostic tests
Cancer
Prescription medication and food
Dental injuries and illnesses
Genetic conditions like brachycephalic syndrome and hip dysplasia
Common exclusions:
Pre-existing conditions
Cosmetic or elective surgeries
Routine veterinary exams
Dental cleaning
Vaccinations
Inhumane treatments like tail docking and ear cropping
By following these tips, you can make informed choices that help keep pet insurance costs manageable. This allows you to prioritise the right level of care for your pet without overstretching your budget. If you are looking to make pet insurance more affordable, try the following:
Choose a higher excess: You can often reduce the monthly premium by agreeing to a higher excess. This can be especially useful for those with younger, healthy pets that do not need frequent vet visits. Be realistic about what you can afford to pay up front if a claim arises, as a very high excess could become a burden in an emergency
Opt for basic coverage with young pets: A time-limited or accident-only policy might provide adequate cover while keeping costs down for young and healthy pets. These plans are typically more affordable because they do not cover long-term illnesses, which are more common in older pets. As your pet ages, you can reassess their insurance needs and consider more comprehensive options, especially if you have a purebred pet as they tend to develop health issues
Look for multi-pet discounts: If you have multiple pets, some insurers offer discounts for insuring more than one pet on the same policy. These multi-pet discounts can help you save significantly, especially if each dog's policy is otherwise costly. Check the specifics with your insurer, as discount percentages and eligibility criteria vary
Consider a "per condition" limit Instead of lifetime cover: A maximum benefit policy with a per condition limit could be a good alternative if lifetime cover is out of budget. These policies provide financial protection without the higher price of lifetime insurance, covering conditions up to a fixed limit. While this won't reset annually like lifetime cover, it might still be sufficient for less severe health issues or injuries
Ask about flexible payment options: Some insurers allow you to pay premiums annually rather than monthly, which can offer savings if you can afford the one-off payment. You can also negotiate co-payment terms, paying a percentage of each claim to reduce the premium. Be sure to evaluate if these options suit your budget and are worthwhile long-term
Research Insurers with low penalties for previous claims: Some insurers might penalise policyholders with higher premiums if they have a history of claims. When comparing providers, consider whether they increase premiums after claims, especially if you have had to make frequent claims previously. Finding a provider that maintains stable premiums can lead to better value over time
Review the policy annually: Pet insurance needs can change year to year, especially as your pet ages or if their health status changes. Review your policy each year to determine if you still need the same level of cover, or if switching to a different type of policy or a new provider could save you money while still meeting your dog's needs
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